https://doi.org/10.15407/iopt.2023.58.021
Optoelectron. Semicond. Tech. 58, 21-45 (2023)
D.V. Korbutyak, O.H. Kosynov, B.N. Kulchytskyi
ULTRASMALL QUANTUM DOTS: FEATURES OF SYNTHESIS, OPTICAL
PROPERTIES AND PROSPECTS FOR PRACTICAL USE (REVIEW).
In recent years, interest in ultra-small (on the order of 2 nm) quantum dots (QDs) has increased. This subset of
CTs includes clusters of magic sizes corresponding to a certain, clearly defined number of atoms. Ultrasmall CTs are
characterized by unique properties - sharp absorption of light and almost complete surface luminescence.
They are promising for a variety of applications, ranging from dye-sensitized solar cells, white light LEDs, and
biomedical sensing due to their controllable electronic structure and large specific surface area. In this review, modern
methods of synthesis of ultrasmall quantum dots are considered: the method of high-temperature organic synthesis, the
method of hot injection, sonochemical synthesis of QDs of magical sizes, etc.
Ultra-small quantum dots are used in solar cells. Due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, compared to
traditional materials, they have a higher absorption efficiency, meaning they can convert a higher percentage of incident
light into electricity. In contrast to the traditional production of solar cells based on organic solutions, which require
high-temperature processing or an inert atmosphere during sputtering, and also have low stability in the open air, a
method of processing solar cells with a solution containing PbS/ZnO is proposed. of nanocrystals in open air and at
room temperature.
Ultrasmall quantum dots are used in medicine due to their unique properties. Overall, they have several
advantages over traditional imaging and sensing tools, such as higher brightness, longer fluorescence lifetimes, and
tunable emission spectra. Current research is focused on increasing the stability and biocompatibility of quantum dots
and developing new methods for their inclusion in various biomedical applications.
Keywords: quantum dot, synthesis, optical absorption, luminescence, medicine, solar energy.
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Д.В. Корбутяк, О.Г.Косинов, Б.Н.Кульчицький
УЛЬТРАМАЛІ КВАНТОВІ ТОЧКИ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СИНТЕЗУ,
ОПТИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПРАКТИЧНОГО
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ (ОГЛЯД)
В останнi роки зросла зацiкавленiсть до ультрамалих (порядку 2 нм) квантових
точок (КТ). Ця пiдмножина КТ включає кластери магiчних розмiрiв, що вiдповiдають
певнiй, чiтко визначенiй кiлькостi атомiв. Ультрамалi КТ характеризуються
унiкальними властивостями – рiзким поглинанням свiтла та практично повнiстю
поверхневою люмiнесценцiєю. Вони перспективнi для рiзноманiтних застосувань,
починаючи вiд чутливих до барвникiв сонячних елементiв, свiтлодiодiв бiлого свiтла i
для медико-бiологiчних зондувань, завдяки своїй керованiй електроннiй структурi, а
також великiй питомiй площi поверхнi. В даному огляді розглянуті сучасні методи
синтезу ультрамалих квантових точок: метод високотемпературного органічного
синтезу, метод гарячого вприскування, сонохімічний синтез КТ магічних розмірів
тощо. Описані особливості їхніх оптичних і люмінесцентних властивостей,
зумовлених великим відношенням поверхні до об'єму та великому поперечному
перерізу поглинання світла. Наведені приклади застосування ультрамалих КТ в
медицині та сонячній енергетиці.
Ключові слова: квантова точка, синтез, оптичне поглинання, люмінесценція,
медицина, сонячна енергетика.